US Considers Saudi Nuclear Deal Without Standard Safeguards
The Trump administration has informed Congress that it is pursuing a civil nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia that removes long-standing non-proliferation safeguards. The proposed deal, known as a 123 Agreement, would allow the US to provide nuclear technology while potentially enabling Saudi Arabia to enrich uranium and reprocess spent fuel, pathways historically restricted to prevent weapons development.
Previous administrations required the Additional Protocol, granting the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency broader oversight, including inspections at undeclared sites. Critics warn the new approach could set a dangerous precedent amid global nuclear tensions, with Russia, China, and regional rivals like Iran expanding their arsenals.
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has previously indicated Saudi Arabia would pursue nuclear weapons if Iran develops them, citing security and power-balance concerns in the Middle East. Arms control experts urge Congress to closely examine the proposed deal and its proliferation risks before granting approval.
Unless Congress passes opposing resolutions within 90 days, the 123 Agreement could allow Saudi Arabia to develop a civil nuclear program under US guidance. The White House, State Department, and Saudi embassy have not yet commented.
